Application of Ball Screw Mechanism in CNC Machine Tools

In the modern processing and manufacturing industry, ball screws are widely used in small and medium-sized CNC machine tools. Ball screw mechanisms have the advantages of high transmission efficiency, smooth operation, and axial clearance elimination, especially the mutual conversion between rotational motion and linear motion, which can be applied to the development and optimization of medium and high-end CNC machine tool transmission systems.

1. Specific Application

1.1 Machining Center

The ball screw mechanism in the machining center is used to control the feed and positioning of the tool to ensure high precision and high efficiency during the machining process. The high rigidity and low friction characteristics of the ball screw can effectively reduce machining errors and improve machining quality.

1.2 Lathe

The ball screw mechanism in the lathe is used to control the feed of the tool and the rotation of the workpiece to ensure high precision and stability during the turning process. The high precision and high efficiency of the ball screw can improve production efficiency and reduce energy consumption.

2. Characteristics of Ball Screws

2.1 High Transmission Efficiency

The transmission efficiency of the ball screw is as high as 90%~98%, which is 2~4 times that of the sliding screw pair. It can effectively convert torque into thrust, or thrust into torque.

2.2 Sensitive and Stable Transmission

The ball screw mechanism is a point contact rolling friction with low friction resistance and good sensitivity. There is no frequency movement at startup, no creeping at low speed, and micro-feeding at the U level.

Application of Ball Screw Linear Drive

2.3 High Positioning Accuracy

The ball screw mechanism has a small temperature rise during the secondary transmission process. It can be pre-tightened to eliminate axial clearance and primary elastic deformation. Pre-stretching can compensate for thermal elongation, and higher positioning accuracy and repeat positioning accuracy can be obtained.

2.4 Good Accuracy Retention

The hardness of the ball and raceway reaches HRC58~63. The raceway shape is accurate, the rolling friction wear is small, the accuracy retention is good, the reliability is good, and the service life is long.

2.5 High Transmission Rigidity

The inner and outer raceways of the ball screw mechanism are both eccentric angle double arc surfaces. The transmission is flexible when the raceway gap is extremely small. If necessary, the axial clearance and primary elastic deformation can be eliminated to obtain good rigidity (the service life is reduced at this time).

2.6 Good Synchronization Performance

The linear screw actuator has the characteristics of extremely high lead and good sensitivity. When synchronous transmission is required, using several sets of ball screws with the same lead can obtain good synchronization performance.

3. Selection and Configuration

In the application of CNC machine tools, the selection and configuration of ball screw drives is also an important subject. According to different processing requirements, selecting the appropriate screw model and parameters can significantly improve the processing efficiency. In high-speed processing, it is necessary to select a ball screw with high speed and high precision; in heavy-load processing, screws with strong load-bearing capacity should be given priority. Through reasonable selection, the performance of CNC machine tools can be greatly improved to meet diverse processing needs.

Summary

As a key component in CNC machine tools, ball screw mechanisms are widely used in modern manufacturing with their advantages of high precision, low friction and high load capacity. If you have relevant needs, please contact us!